Globalizing the Postcolony by Griffiths Claire H.;

Author:Griffiths, Claire H.; [Griffiths, Claire H.]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Lexington Books/Fortress Academic
Published: 2010-01-01T00:00:00+00:00

Notes

1. Great Britain played the primary role in constructing the “Trade,” particularly after 1713 when the Treaty of Utrecht passed the Asiento—the right to supply slaves to the Spanish colonies in the Americas—to the British.

2. Christopher Miller, The French Triangular Trade: Literature and Culture of the Slave Trade (Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2008), ix. Details of the French slave voyages can be found in The Transatlantic Slave Trade Database, launched on the Emory University website in December 2008.

3. Babacar Fall, “Forced Labour and Labour Laws in French West Africa 1900–1946,” Social History in French West Africa, (Amsterdam/India: SEPHIS/CSSSC, 2002), 5.

4. The town of Libreville had been established some 21 years previously in 1849 at the Comptoir du Gabon, a trading post set up in the early 1940s to provide support to the French and British efforts to intercept slavers along the Atlantic coast. The town was named after its first settled population, former slaves liberated from the Elizia (or Ilizia) in 1846 who had spent three years in Dakar awaiting their final destination.

5. Patrick Manning, Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa 1880–1995 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), xx.

6. Léon Gambetta (1838–1882), founding father of the Third Republic and leader of the French Republican party, was a key figure in the development of the colonial movement in France. He died of a ruptured appendix ten years before the colonial movement transformed itself into a political party in the National Assembly.

7. Hadiza Djibo, La Participation des femmes africaines à la vie politique: les exemples du Sénégal et du Niger (Paris: Harmattan, 2001). “Whatever the prerogatives were that women enjoyed in precolonial Africa, and notwithstanding the difficulties in establishing the exact nature of relations between the sexes at that time, what is clear is that the loss of privileges traditionally enjoyed by women and the rise in male hegemony and female domination can be attributed in large part to the collapse of economic structures caused by the impact of foreign intervention.”

8. Lebeuf, “The Role of Women,” 94.

9. Christine Oppong, ed., Female and Male in West Africa (London: George, Allen and Unwin, 1983), 372.

10. Rokhaya Fall, Femmes et pouvoir dans les sociétés Nord-Sénégambiennes (Dakar: CODESRIA, 1994), 17. Author’s translation.

11. Following the passage of the legislation on the “Rights of Man and the Citizen” through the National Assembly in August 1789, Olympe de Gouges led a moderate campaign for the “Rights of Women” as a result of which she was executed at the guillotine in 1793. A timely reminder of this largely forgotten human rights activist was published as a supplement to Le Monde diplomatique November 2008 edition.

12. Immanuel Wallerstein, “Elites in French-speaking Africa: The Social Basis of Ideas,” Journal of Modern African Studies 3, no. 1, 1965, 14.

13. For a discussion of traditional crops see Manning, Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa, 5–8.

14. The Gonfreville spinning and textile mill, founded in 1921 by Frenchman Robert Gonfreville in Bouak, Côte d’Ivoire, started production as Filatures Gonfreville. Since 1995, the business has been operating as Filature Tissage Gonfreville.

15. Claire H

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